Lesson 5

听力部分

听力练习

一级练习：小对话［难度系数★］

本课的主题“报刊界行为的特点”在TOEFL听力考试里多次出现。先听一段简单的TOEFL听力考试小对话，试一试！

A. She's usually busy working.

B. She moved out in the middle of the term.

C. She doesn't have time to go to the newspaper office.

D. She's looking for a new roommate.

二级练习：听写［难度系数★★］

看看下面的答案（先不要看听力原文）。趁热打铁！把这个小对话跟着录音听写一遍。（录音会以较慢的速度读两遍，每句后您有30秒到1分钟的时间听写。再以较快的速度读第三遍，您可以查缺补漏）开始了…

M: ______________________________

W: ______________________________

听力原文如下

M: I see that your roommate Donna's editor of the newspaper this year.

W: Editor, yes. But you'd never know she was my roommate. I'd hardly seen her since the beginning of the term. She might as well move her bed over to the newspaper office.

Q: What can be inferred about Donna?

听说练习

一级练习：口语问答［难度系数★］

本课主题在较长的四级听力真题段落题里出现。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！

1. What is the main topic of the talk? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

2. Why was Daniel Defoe arrested? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

3. What does the speaker say about the Tattler? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

听力原文如下（阴影部分为答案核心内容）

Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines.(1)Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time. But in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the review from prison.(2)You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up.(3)In 1709 a magazine called the Tattler began publication. The new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.

二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］

刚才口语问答的答案是本课主题的关键表达，一定要积累成自己的口语素材。

第一步：看着上面画线的文字跟读一遍。录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。

第二步：请自己说出下面句子空白的部分，同声跟读已写出的部分。

第一遍：

1. Now the ____________ was a little _______________________ and it was ______________ in 1704.

2. You see, he ______________________ his writings that _____________, which was headed by the king.

3. In 1709, ______________ the Tattler began publication. This new magazine __________________ news, ___________________ and philosophical essays.

第二遍：

1. _______ first magazine _________ periodical called the Review, ________ started in London _______.

2. _________ had been arrested because of _____________ criticized the policies of the Church of England, ________________________.

3. ______, a magazine called _____________. _______________ contained a mixture of _____, poetry, political analysis, ___________________.

第三步：自己试着完整地背诵一遍。（计时3分钟，背诵开始…）

词汇与语法

第1组近义词辨析：“得到…”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* obtain

to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work

* acquire

to get something very big or expensive, or to get more knowledge or skills

* receive

to be given something, especially officially

* reclaim

to get back something that belongs to you that someone else has taken or that you have let them have

* gain

to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc., especially a useful or valuable one

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。

第2组近义词辨析：“反应”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* reply

to answer someone by saying or writing something

* respond

to answer someone, especially someone who has criticized you or disagreed with you, in a clear and detailed way

* reaction

something that you feel or do because of something that has happened or been said

* response

something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened or been said

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。

词汇测试

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课新学的词汇出现在高考、四级、六级考试中。挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内，本级测试限时9分钟，请把计时器调到9分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：fail

1. Words ______ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house.

A. failed

B. left

C. discouraged

D. disappointed

［高考真题］

考查词汇：extreme

2. We welcome rain, but a(an)______ large amount of rainfall will cause floods.

A. extensively

B. extremely

C. specially

D. constantly

［四级真题］

考查词汇：gain

3. You have nothing to ______ by refusing to listen to our advice.

A. gain

B. grasp

C. seize

D. earn

［四级真题］

考查词汇：refuse

4. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother ______ vegetables in the child's hearing he is likely to copy this procedure.

A. opposes

B. denies

C. refuses

D. offends

［四级真题］

考查词汇：instruct

5. Data on a specific flight itinerary（旅行路线）and the individual's sleep pattern are used to produce a Trip Guide with ______ on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.

A. directories

B. instructions

C. specifications

D. commentaries

［六级真题］

6. People were surprised to find that he had the ability to ______ everything he was involved in.

A. precede

B. dominate

C. effect

D. instruct

［六级真题］

考查词汇：originate

7. Because of the ______ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.

A. originality

B. subjectivity

C. generality

D. ambiguity

［六级真题］

8. The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of ______. We have never seen such a building before.

A. invention

B. illusion

C. originality

D. orientation

［六级真题］

9. The person who ______ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.

A. generated

B. originated

C. speculated

D. manufactured

［六级真题］

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

本课新学的词汇在较难的考研考试里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：reclaim

1. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ______ at the manager's office.

A. declared

B. obtained

C. reclaimed

D. recognized

［考研真题］

考查词汇：decline

2. I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat ______.

A. disapproval

B. rejection

C. refusal

D. decline

［考研真题］

考查词汇：reply

3. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in ______ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

A. return

B. reply

C. reference

D. response

［考研真题］

三级练习：［难度系数★★★］

本课新学的词汇会在需要翻译的难句里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在3分钟内，本级测试限时3分钟，请把计时器调到3分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：statistics

This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

［考研翻译真题］

______________________________

语法积累

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！

原文：Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.

译文：那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。

• 倒装句型：部分倒装。部分谓语（be动词/助动词/情态动词）移到主语之前，剩余部分仍在主语之后。

• 常见结构：当具有否定意义的词或词组置于句首，如not, not only, never, seldom, hardly...when, no sooner...than, little等，句子部分倒装。

• 写作中何时使用：强调倒装部分的谓语表达。

语法链接

请将下面的句子换为倒装后的强调句型。

I no sooner had got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.

______________________________

阅读部分

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课的主题“报刊界行为的特点”曾在考研阅读里出现。试一试下面的文章和题目！

临考情境模拟：请在6分钟内读完文章，5分钟内做完题。请把计时器调到11分钟。计时开始！

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news madia isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Needs of the readers all over the world.

B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.

C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.

D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.

2. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.

A. quite trustworthy

B. somewhat contradictory

C. very illuminating

D. rather superficial

3. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.

A. working attitude

B. conventional life style

C. world outlook

D. educational background

4. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.

A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reporters

C. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and gender

写作部分

本课介绍了一个走极端的编辑，下面的写作素材介绍了如何成为一个好编辑。

写作素材

9 Ways to Be a Good Editor

1. Stay Regular

You know when your favourite magazine comes out. If you want yours to be their favourite then make sure you come out regularly. That means—deadlines, discipline and the occasional late night. It's worth it.

2. Have a Recognisable Format

Set an editorial template at the beginning of the year: have sections, regulars, parts that will some day become someone's “favourite bit”. Mess about with different issue sizes/names at your peril.

3. Manage Your Budget

Decide on your regularity and budget accordingly. If you need to sell advertising to gain the regularity you require get people in that you trust. Work out the best deal from a printer—ask around.

4. The Cover Is All-Important

A cover is the main reason for picking up or not picking up any type of magazine. “There's no such thing as a good issue with a bad cover”(Dave Hepworth）.

5. You Can Be Sued

Just because you're a college mag it doesn't mean you can't be sued. If something isn't true you shouldn't print it, simple as that. Be careful about “borrowing” pictures too.

6. Exercise Good Taste

Use your own judgement on this. Then friends' judgement, and then your colleagues'. If people around you find it distasteful, others will too. You're providing a service. Don't let them down.

7. Be A Good Press Officer

You will be called upon at times to be a representative for your union. Act sensitively, don't be flattered by their attentions and if they want a quote from you think about it and phone them back. Don't be rushed into an ill-judged off-the-cuff response. Come back with a sensible, usable sound-bite. If in doubt—or if you know it's not your job—pass on to the President/General Manager.

8. Copy Deadlines Are Movable

Most printers in this sector can move around printing dates. Take advantage of this.

9. Get the Right Team

Get people into key positions who are reliable, talented and in touch with what the readers want.