Lesson 10
音频
听力部分
听力练习
一级练习：对话［难度系数★］
本课的主题“灾难新闻”在TOEFL听力考试里多次出现。先听一段简单的TOEFL考试对话，试一试！
1. A. Memories of a recent storm.
B. How strong winds develop into a hurricane.
C. Weather patterns that can affect Florida.
D. Planning a summer vacation.
2. A. Wind speed.
B. Rainfall.
C. Water temperature.
D. Direction of approach.
3. A. By name.
B. By number.
C. By location.
D. By month.
4. A. Study a weather map.
B. Visit a weather station.
C. Listen to a weather report.
D. Go to a storm shelter.
答案揭晓
答案：
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. C
听力原文如下
M: Is that a map? You are going sailing or something?
W: I wish. It's hurricane-tracking chart. It's a map of tropical ocean areas southeast of us. It follows the development of tropical storms, even hurricanes. They develop and move around the Atlantic in Caribbean and here on Florida coast. We get hit by these a lot in July or August, at least the winds or rain.
M: Do you think that the tropical storm is on the way?
W: Too early to tell, but we need to be prepared. The radio mentioned possible evacuation routes.
M: Really? It's that serious?
W: You'd better believe it. Late summer is hurricane season. The television updates locations and speeds every hour.
M: What did they say is out there now?
W: A couple of tropical depressions, two storms and two hurricanes.
M: What's the difference?
W: Wind velocity. A depression is the least serious actually, and a hurricane is the most serious.
M: How serious are the winds in hurricanes?
W: They have sustained winds of 74 mph and up.
M: What are the names on the map? David, Arlene, Francisco, and Gina?
W: You know weather forecasters give the hurricanes the names of people to make storms easy to identify.
M: I wonder what the status of the storm is now.
W: You shall turn on the television. It has the best coverage. There is an up-date coming up in five minutes.
1. What is the conversation mainly about?
2. How is one tropical weather system distinguished from the other?
3. How do weather forecasters identify hurricanes?
4. What are the man and woman going to do next?
听说练习
一级练习：听力选择［难度系数★］
本课主题在较难的专业四级听力段落选择题里出现。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！
1. ______ people were killed during the air crash.
A. 61
B. 51
C. 41
D. 10
2. According to the news, the plane crashed ______.
A. shortly before it landed
B. minutes after it took off
C. after it cleared the mountains
D. at the foot of the mountains
答案揭晓
答案：
1. A
2. B
听力原文如下（阴影部分为答案核心内容）
A Boeing 727 aircraft with 51 passengers and 10 crew on board has crashed into a mountain side just outside the Columbia capital, Bogota. Police and rescue workers said everyone was killed when the plane exploded scattering wreckage over a wide area. The crash happened shortly after take-off when the plane was unable to gain enough height to clear the mountains. The aircraft belonged to Ecuadorian Airline, but it had been chartered by Air-France for the route from Bogota to Ecuadorian Capital, Quito.
二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］
第一步：看着上面的文字跟读一遍。录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。
第二步：请听上面文字的录音，同声跟读两遍。
第三步：自己试着完整地朗诵一遍。（计时2分钟，朗诵开始…）
词汇与语法
第1组近义词辨析：“大的”
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！
一级练习：［难度系数★］
先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。
* enormous/huge
very big and impressive
* massive
use this about things that are extremely big and impressive, especially when they are solid and heavy
* gigantic
much bigger than other things of the same type, often in a slightly strange or frightening way
* colossal
extremely and surprisingly big, used especially about structures, buildings, and other things that have been built
* giant
use this about a plant or animal that has grown to an unusually large size, or is of a type that is always much larger than ordinary plants or animals
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。
答案揭晓
There was a colossal［巨大的（被建造的物体）］statue of the King in the middle of the square.
The ancient temple's massive［巨大的（实心、较重的物体）］stone pillars had begun to crumble.
She wears an engagement ring set with a huge（非常大的）diamond.
Gigantic［出奇大的（与同类物体相比）］waves more than 40 feet high crashed against the boat.
Be careful. The forest is full of giant［巨型的（动植物）］snakes and spiders.
第2组近义词辨析：“模糊的”
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！
一级练习：［难度系数★］
先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。
* faint
difficult to see, hear, smell；a very small or slight hope
* fuzzy
a photograph, television picture etc., that is fuzzy and not clear, and it is difficult to see separate edges and objects, often because there is something wrong with your equipment or with the way the pictures were taken
* blurred
unclear so that only the general shape can be seen, and not small details
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。
答案揭晓
Police have only a fuzzy［模糊的（焦距问题）］videotape of the bank robbery.
There is faint（依稀的，微弱的）hope that they might be alive.
I opened the window and heard a faint（依稀的，微弱的）sound of the bell drifting across the old town.
Without my glasses, anything more than a few feet away looks blurred（模糊的）.
词汇测试
一级练习：［难度系数★］
本课新学的词汇出现在四级和六级考试中。挑战一下吧！
临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内，本级测试限时4分钟，请把计时器调到4分钟。计时开始！
考查词汇：rapidly
1. ______ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn't go on with the experiment.
A. Since
B. For
C. As
D. With
［四级真题］
考查词汇：slight
2. Can you give me even the ______ clue as to where her son might be?
A. simplest
B. slightest
C. least
D. utmost
［四级真题］
3. Don't let such a ______ matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.
A. trivial
B. slight
C. partial
D. minimal
［六级真题］
考查词汇：collision
4. The idea is to ______ the frequent incidents of collision to test the strength of the wind-shields.
A. assemble
B. simulate
C. accumulate
D. forge
［六级真题］
答案揭晓
1. 答案：D
解析：B表因果不放在句首；A和C表原因，均为连词，后面应该加句子。
2. 答案：B
解析：
A. 最简单的
B. 最微小的
C. 最少的
D. 极限的
3. 答案：A
解析：别让这点小事妨碍我们处理大事。
A. 琐细的，价值不高的，微不足道的
B. 轻微的，微小的
C. 部分的；偏袒的
D. 最小的，最小限度的
4. 答案：B
解析：想法是模拟常发生的碰撞来检验挡风玻璃的强度。
A. 集合，聚集；装配
B. 模拟，模仿；假装，冒充
C. 积聚，堆积
D. 稳步前进；铸造；伪造
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
本课新学的词汇在较难的专业四级、考研考试里出现，挑战一下吧！
临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时8分钟，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！
考查词汇：loss
1. The fewer the injury claims the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at ______ or at a loss.
A. an advantage
B. a benefit
C. an interest
D. a profit
［考研真题］
考查词汇：voyage
2. ______ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.
A. Orientation
B. Access
C. Procession
D. Voyage
［考研真题］
考查词汇：float
3. Shares on the stock market have ______ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.
A. turned
B. changed
C. floated
D. fluctuated
［专业四级真题］
考查词汇：standard
4. Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
A. conforming to
B. consistent with
C. predominant over
D. providing for
［专业四级真题］
答案揭晓
1. 答案：D
解析：
A. 优势
B. 利益
C. 利益
D. 收益，它与loss是一对反义词
2. 答案：B
解析：
A. 定位，定向；方向
B. access常与to搭配，意为“（接近或进入某地的）方法，通路；（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利”
C. 游行；队伍
D. 旅行，航行
3. 答案：D
解析：由于世界经济的衰退，股票市场上的股票有所波动。
A. 变化，转变
B. 变化
C. 漂，漂浮
D. 波动
4. 答案：A
解析：不符合官方安全标准的设备已经全部从车间移走了。题干中的关键词为safety standards（安全标准）。
A.（使）与…一致（或符合）；（使）遵守（或遵从、遵照）
B. 一致，相符
C. 占上风，超过
D. 抚养，供养；规定
语法积累
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！
原文：Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
译文：“泰坦尼克”起航后的第4天，它正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的海面上。突然，守望员发现了一座冰山。
• 时间状语：after/before作介词引导的时间状语, 表示在做了动作(V')多长时间之后/之前，主语做了主要动作(V)。其实质是主语一致的分词作状语。
• 常见结构：［数词+表时间的名词(minute/day/year...)after/before doing/done(=V')］, S + V
• 写作中何时使用：简洁的时间状语。
语法链接
请给下面的句子改错。
After the day I landing, I hired a car and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross country journey.
______________________________
答案揭晓
答案：I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross country journey.
译文：我下飞机后的当天租了一辆车，并买了一本详尽的地图册。在乡间行车途中，我觉得它非常有用。
阅读部分
一级练习：［难度系数★］
本课的主题曾在考研模考阅读里出现。试一试下面的文章和题目！
临考情境模拟：请在5分钟内读完文章，6分钟做完题。请把计时器调到11分钟。计时开始！
The great White Star liner, Titanic, the largest ship in the world, which left Southampton on Friday of last week on her 1 trip to New York, 2 an iceberg off the Newfoundland coast on Tuesday and last sank in 1200 fathoms of water (over two miles in depth). Of nearly 2,000 souls on board only 670 were saved, these being mostly women and children. Few of the 3 passengers were saved, the lost including several big American millionaires on their way home from the continent. No such frightful 4 has ever been recorded in shipping annals. Amongst those who 5 as steerage passengers at Queenstown, 6 the returns furnished by the Company's agents there were Kate Hargadon, Ballisodare; John Mahan, Curry; Catherine McGowan, Castlebar; etc.. The list of the steerage passengers saved is still 7 , as the Carpathia by which they were being taken to New York has not yet reached there, but the few names as sent by wireless telegraph do not, 8 , contain any of above named. The names of those mentioned as from Castlebar do not, we learn, belong to the town, but took out their bookings there. Some of them, we hear, are from Lahardane district. Md. McNulty, Ballina, one of the largest shipping agents in the province, informs us that he had no passengers 9 on the Titanic, as some who intended going by her were late, and others left by the boat from Queenstown the day 10 the Titanic sailed.
1. A. maiden B. first C. lasted D. new
2. A. banged into B. collided with C. crashed into D. conflicted with
3. A. female B. young C. male D. old
4. A. disaster B. accident C. incident D. event
5. A. embarked B. emerged C. embedded D. embanked
6. A. accordingly B. according as C. according to D. according
7. A. complete B. partial C. full D. incomplete
8. A. fortunately B. technically C. surprisingly D. unfortunately
9. A. embarked B. abroad C. registered D. booked
10. A. after B. before C. away from D. later than
答案揭晓
答案：
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. B
写作部分
本课是一篇标准的新闻报道，下面是英国《每日镜报》在1912年对Titanic沉没的报道，与本课的报道结构非常相似。通过对比阅读可以对新闻写作规律有进一步的了解。
写作素材
Titanic Disaster
According to the United States Senate investigation, 1,523 people perished in the accident, ranking it as one of the worst peacetime maritime disasters in history and by far the most famous. Titanic's design used some of the most advanced technology available at the time and the ship was popularly believed to be “unsinkable.” It was a great shock that, despite the advanced technology and experienced crew, Titanic sank with a great loss of life. The media frenzy about Titanic's famous victims, the legends about what happened on board the ship, the resulting changes to maritime law, and the discovery of the wreck in 1985 by a team led by Robert Ballard and Jean-Louis Michel have made Titanic persistently famous in the years since.
11:40 PM - “Iceberg, right ahead!”
12:40 AM - First lifeboat lowered.
2:00 AM - Waterline reaches forward boat deck.
2:10 AM - Stern rises out of water.
2:20 AM - Titanic sinks.
4:10 AM - Carpathia picks up first lifeboat.