2.4 完形填空中的词汇典型题型和考点

2.4.1 四种词汇题的命题方式

1）近形词题目：考单词辨认、近形词辨认的能力。

2）近义词题：词义相近、用法不同。

3）语境词汇题：根据单词所处的具体语言环境，确定正确选项。

4）固定搭配：动词与介词或副词的搭配，形容词与名词的搭配等。

2.4.2 词汇题应试技巧

1）掌握构词法，如：前缀、后缀、词根，熟练掌握常用的词缀（见2.1的词缀表）

2）应试词汇及词组的反复训练和记忆（Exercises of vocabulary and expressions）

3）比较性的学习近形词、近义词（Comparative studies）

2.4.3 典型词汇试题解析（含核心词汇、常用词组）

一、名词

1.Most celebrities are fully prepared to defend themselves from all________of the public to see any side of them.

A.attention

B.temptation

C.perception

D.attempts

[答案]D.attempts努力，尝试 考点：近形词

[注释]attention关注；temptation诱惑；perception感知。

[译文]大多数名人对保护自身都有充分准备，不让公众挖空心思地窥探他们的任何隐私。

2.The school was closed for a month because of a serious ________of fever.

A.outcome

B.outburst

C.outset

D.outbreak

[答案]D.outbreak考点：近形词

[注释]outbreak（战争、叛乱、愤怒等的）爆发；（瘟疫、害虫等的）突然蔓延。At the outbreak of the war he lived in London．战争爆发时他住在伦敦。

outcome结果；outburst（感情等的）爆发，（火山等的）喷发；outset开始，最初。

3.The managing director took the________for the accident, although it was not really his fault.

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

[答案]C.blame责备 考点：近义词

[注释]take the blame for对……承担责备、指责；take charge of负责管理（照顾）;accusation of有关……（罪行）的指控；guilt负罪感、内疚。

accuse sb of（doing）sth; charge sb with（doing）sth指控某人犯某种罪；

blame sb for the accident把这一事故归咎于某人。

补充：abuse（n.&v.）滥用；辱骂

He never abuses his privilege．他从不滥用特权。

He burst into a storm of abuse．他破口大骂。

[译文]总经理承担了对此次事故的指责，尽管确实不是他的过错。

4.The new technology has opened up a very wide________of possibilities.

A.range

B.extent

C.number

D.collection

[答案]A.range考点：近义词

[注释]a range of范围很广的，同义的还有a variety of; extent程度，范围，“范围”所指通常具体，例如：an extent of grassland一大片草地；a number of一些（数目的）; a collection of一种……的收藏。

[译文]新项技术开拓了十分广泛的可能性。

二、动词

1.American newspapers________from the sensational, which features crime, gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis.

A.cover

B.rate

C.range

D.rank

[答案]C.range考点：近义词

[注释]range from...to..．范围包括……到……

cover报道，采访；cover a conference采访会议情况

rate定级，把……列入特定的等级

Shanghai rates as the biggest trade center in China．上海是中国最大的贸易中心。

rank加入序列，分属某个等级

a student who ranks high in his class班上的优等生

He ranks among the best students of his grade．他是他们年级最好的学生之一。

[译文]美国报纸刊登的新闻范围很广，从犯罪、八卦之类耸人听闻的消息，到对世界大事进行分析的严肃文章。

2.He has been________from Nanchang to Hangzhou.

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

[答案]A.transferred考点：近形词

[注释]transfer转移，调动；transform改变，变化；transport运输，搬运；transmit播送，发送。

Marriage has completely transformed her from a busy career woman into a caring house wife．结婚让她完全变了，从忙碌的职业女性变成了持家的主妇。

Blood transports oxygen around the body．血液绕全身送氧。

[译文]他从南昌调到了杭州。

3.The ship was________in a storm off the coast of Jamaica.

A.drowned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

[答案]C.wrecked考点：近义词；及物动词和不及物动词

[注释]wreck（vt．及物动词）撞坏，毁坏．1）My son wrecked my car.2）My car was completely wrecked in the accident.

sink（vt．及物动词）下沉，沉没，也可作及物动词用，意为“使下沉”，但按本题句意看，用被动语态不妥。

drown溺死，淹死：（vt．及物动词）The flood drowned all the cattle.（这场洪水淹死了那里所有的牛。）（vi．不及物动词）He drowned in the river.（他在河里淹死了。）

submit 1）（vi．不及物动词）（=put oneself under the control of another）屈服，顺从（to）:Should a wife submit herself to her husband?（妻子应顺从他丈夫吗？）2）（vt．及物动词）（=put forward for option, discussion, decision ect.）提出（供评论、讨论决定等）You must submit your request to the committee.3）（vi．不及物动词）（=surrender（to）, give in）屈服，投降：After being defeated, they submitted to the enemy.（打败后，他们向敌人投降了。）

[译文]这艘船在牙买加沿岸的一场风暴中撞毁了。

4.The lost car of the Lees was found________ in the woods off the highway.

A.vanished

B.abandoned

C.scattered

D.rejected

[答案]B.abandoned考点：近义词；及物动词和不及物动词

[注释]abandoned（=give up completely）放弃，抛弃；1）The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund.2）The sailors abandoned the burning ship.

abandon（vt．及物动词）抛弃，弃之不顾：如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。

vanish（=suddenly disappear; go out of existence）（vi．不及物动词）消失，绝迹；1）The airplane vanished into the clouds.2）Many kinds of animals have vanished from the earth.（许多种的动物已在地球上绝迹了。）

scatter（=send, go in different direction）（vt．及物动词）驱使，使分散；The police scattered the crowed.（警察驱散了人群。）（=throw or put in various directions）撒，到处放；He scattered his clothes all over the room.

reject（=refuse to accept）（vt．及物动词）拒绝接受；She rejected my suggestion.

[译文]利斯丢失的汽车让人抛弃在公路旁树林里。

5.Some teenagers have a generalized resentment against society, which ________them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.

A.denies

B.restricts

C.rejects

D.deprives

[答案]A.denies考点：近义词

[注释]deny（=refuse to give or allow）拒绝给予：He denied his children nothing.（孩子们要什么他就给什么。）

deprive（=take away from）剥夺。deprive sb of sth．剥夺某人某物：They deprived women of the right to vote.（他们剥夺了妇女的投票权。）

restrict（=keep within limits）限制：The doctor restricted him to 5 cigarettes a day.（医生限制他一天抽5支烟。）

reject（refuse to accept）拒绝接受，如：She rejected my suggestion.（她拒绝了我的建议。）

[译文]一些十几岁的孩子对社会怀有一种普遍的愤恨情绪，他们纵然体格上发育成熟，社会却拒绝给予他们等同于成年人的权利和优惠。

三、名词和动词同形

1.The defeated team were eager to get their________.

A.retreat

B.reverse

C.restraint

D.revenge

[答案]D.revenge考点：近形词

[注释]revenge报复，报仇；get one's revenge报仇，雪耻；take revenge on...

He was so angry with Mary that he took revenge on her cat．他对玛丽很生气，于是对她的猫进行报复。

[译文]输掉的队急于想要雪耻。

四、形容词

考点：词形及词义相近的形容词的区分；形容词和介词的搭配。

1.When the________police finally moved into the church, the immigrants did not fight but filed obediently into buses.

A.primitive

B.savage

C.riot

D.barbarian

[答案]C.riot暴动、骚乱 考点：近义词

[注释]primitive原始的，简单的；savage和barbarian野蛮的；riot的形容词是riotous暴动的、骚乱的。题中名词担当形容词的功能，修饰它后面的名词。riot police防暴警察；riot shield防暴盾牌

[译文]防暴警察最终冲进教堂时，移民不再打斗而顺从地排队上了大巴。

2.It is rather________that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.

A.misleading

B.embarrassing C.boring

D.demanding

[答案]B.embarrassing考点：近义词

[注释]embarrassing令人尴尬的；misleading使人误解的；boring枯燥的；demanding要求很高的，例如：a demanding job一项费事的工作。

[译文]令人尴尬的是，时至今日我们仍不清楚世界上究竟有多少物种。

3.Breaking Mary's doll was purely ________,John did not mean to do it.

A.occasional

B.accidental

C.casual

D.cautious

[答案]B.accidental考点：近形词

[注释]accidental意外的，偶然的，强调无目的或没有预谋的。occasional偶尔的；casual碰巧的，随便的；cautious谨慎的。

[译文]约翰弄坏了玛丽的玩偶纯属意外，他不是有意这样做的。

4.The winner of the award gave a short and________acceptance speech.

A.cautious

B.conscious

D.innocent

C.concise

[答案]C.concise言简意赅的 考点：近形词

[注释]cautious谨慎的；conscious有意识的（be conscious of...）; innocent天真的。

[译文]获奖者发表了言简意赅的获奖感言。

五、副词

以下各题中出现的副词，为常考副词，请关注。

1.More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________in San Francisco.

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

[答案]B.predominantly考点：常用副词

[注释]predominantly（=mostly; mainly）主要地。previously（=coming earlier in time or order）先前，早先；This is better than any solution previously.（这个办法比以前提出的任何解决办法都好。）practically（=really; in a practical way）实际上。permanently（=going on for a long time）永久地。

[译文]在美国华人中，超过三分之一居住在加利福尼亚州，其中绝大多数又在旧金山。

2.He has impressed his employers considerably and________he is soon to be promoted.

A.eventually

B.yet

C.accordingly

D.finally

[答案]D.accordingly

[注释]accordingly（=for that reason, therefore）因此，所以：Eventually和finally终于；yet仍，表示尚未（常用于否定句和疑问句，例如：I haven't received a letter from him yet.）

[译文]他给老板留下了相当好的印象，因此很快得到提拔。

3.An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist,________couldn't see his work on his machine.

A.therefore

B.however

C.yet

D.although

[答案]B.however

[注释]however然而，常用于分号后，表示转折语气，例如：We thought the figures were correct; however, we have now discovered some errors．单独使用时，常与形容词和副词连用。例如：He wanted to take no risks, however small.

therefore因此，表示结果；yet见上题的解释；although尽管，表示让步。

[译文]早期打字机打得又快又整齐，然而打字员不能看到所打的字。