再论韵律边界的声学特征及其形成机制

殷治纲

摘要 韵律边界处的声学特征曾是语音研究中被广泛探讨的课题，但至今仍有很多遗留问题没有解决。针对这些问题，本研究引入呼吸信号、特征叠加理论、“间断—连接”平衡效应等新的视角和方法，对该主题做了重新探讨，内容包括：（1）在韵律层级模型基础上，重新梳理、分析了不同韵律层级边界处的声学特征，并对前人研究中存在的分歧进行了讨论；（2）结合呼吸生理特征，分析了延长、停顿和音高重置等声学特征的形成机制；（3）提出了语流中的“连接效应”和“间断效应”，并从二者的组合关系上分析韵律边界的层级特性；（4）用不同声学特征，为各韵律层级边界建立起特征矩阵。

关键词 韵律边界，声学特征，韵律层级模型，间断效应，连接效应，延长，停顿，音高重置，呼吸，特征矩阵

Revisiting the Acoustic Characteristics and the Generation Mechanism of Prosodic Boundary

YIN Zhigang

Abstract Despite the fact that the acoustic characteristics of prosodic boundaries have been extensively studied，there are still remaining issues that have not been completely resolved. Given these issues，this current study aims to introduce new perspectives and methods to the study of prosodic boundary，such as breathing，feature superposition theory，and “discontinuity-continuity” balance effect. In the current paper，we（1）re-analyzed the acoustic characteristics under the prosodic hierarchical model framework and discussed the divergence in previous studies；（2）discussed the generation mechanism of phenomena such as final lengthening，pausing and pitch resetting with consideration of breathing；（3）proposed the “continuity effect” and “discontinuity effect” in connected speech，and analyzed the hierarchical characteristics of the prosodic boundaries by taking these two effects into consideration；（4）established the feature matrix of “discontinuity-continuity” levels for prosodic boundaries according to different acoustic characteristics.

Key words Prosodic boundary，Acoustic feature，Prosodic hierarchical model，Discontinuity effect，Connection effect，Final lengthening，Pausing，Pitch resetting，Feature matrix