Lesson 12

听力部分

听力练习

一级练习：小对话［难度系数★］

本课的主题“探险生活”在TOEFL听力考试里多次出现。先听一段简单的TOEFL听力小对话，试一试！

A. It started to rain when she was at the beach.

B. She'd like the man to go to the beach with her.

C. The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow.

D. She won't go to the beach tomorrow if it rains.

二级练习：听写［难度系数★★］

看看下面的答案（先不要看听力原文）。趁热打铁！把这个小对话跟着录音听写一遍。（录音会以较慢的速度读两遍，每句后您有30秒到1分钟的时间听写。再以较快的速度读第三遍，您可以查缺补漏）开始了…

M: ______________________________

W: ______________________________

听力原文如下

M: It's been pouring for three days now. I begin to wonder if it will ever stop.

W: And tomorrow is going to be my day at the beach. But if it doesn't clear up by then, I'll just have to forget about that.

Q: What does the woman imply?

听说练习

一级练习：口语问答［难度系数★］

本课主题在较长的TOEFL听力真题段落题里出现。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！

1. What is the purpose of the talk? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

2. Why should home owners turn their lights off? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

3. What do the turtle-watch participants have to do? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

听力原文如下（阴影部分为答案核心内容）

Hi, I'm Jim Black.(1)Before you get started with class today, Doctor Webster has given me a few minutes to talk to you about the biology department's ongoing turtle-watch project down the South Beach. As many of you probably know, South Beach is an important nesting site for the green turtle, a type of endangered sea turtle. In the next few days, turtles from several nesting sites reidentified along the beach will hatch and head for the water. The problem is that a lot of these hatchlings will never make it. Raccoons and hungry birds will get many of them before they reach the surf. So we have a 24-hour watch going on now so that volunteers will be on hand to protect the turtles after they hatch.(2)Oh, and we also need someone to notify the owners of beach front homes to leave their yard lights off for the next couple of weeks. The baby turtles are attracted to artificial lights such as torch lights and head lights. In fact, some of them end up on the beach highway, and are killed by passing cars. So we're trying to minimize lights on the landward side of the beach. Now if you're interested, please stop by my office in the biology department and sign up. What are we asking you to do?(3)We're asking for at least a 2-hour commitment from each participant. Oh, and please note that turtle-watch activities do not constitute excused absences from class. Thanks.

二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］

刚才三个口语练习的答案是本课主题的关键表达，一定要积累成自己的口语素材。

第一步：看着上面画线的文字跟读一遍，录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。

第二步：请自己说出下面句子空白的部分，同声跟读已写出的部分。

第一遍：

1. _________ get started with class ______, ______________ a few minutes ________________ biology department's ongoing turtle-watch project ____________________________.

2. ______ and we also need someone to notify _______________ leave their yard lights off ______________. The baby turtles are attracted to artificial lights ______________________.

3. ______________________ 2-hour _______________ each participant.

第二遍：

1. Before you ________ today, Doctor Webster has given me ____________________________ to talk to you about the _______________________________ down the South Beach.

2. Oh, _______________________ the owners of beach front homes to __________________ for the next couple of weeks. ___________________________ such as torch lights and head lights.

3. We're asking for at least a _________________ commitment from __________________________.

第三步：自己试着完整地背诵一遍。（计时3分钟，背诵开始…）

词汇与语法

近义词辨析：“相反”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* opposite

as different as possible from something else

* reverse

opposite to what is usual or to what has just been stated

* antithesis

to be completely opposite in quality or character to something

* on the contrary

use this to tell someone that the opposite of what they say is true

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来。

词汇测试

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课新学的词汇出现在四级和六级考试中。挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内，本级测试限时4分钟，请把计时器调到4分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：realistic

1. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.

A. reserve

B. restrain

C. retain

D. replace

［四级真题］

2. I'm ______ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strong teams.

A. realistic

B. conscious

C. aware

D. radical

［四级真题］

考查词汇：plenty

3. He found the ______ media attention intolerable and decide to go abroad.

A. sufficient

B. constant

C. steady

D. plenty

［四级真题］

考查词汇：imagine

4. Scientists first ______ the idea of the atom bomb in the 1930s.

A. imagined

B. conceived

C. considered

D. acknowledged

［六级真题］

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

本课新学的词汇在较难的专业四级、考研考试里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：ripe

1. The public opinion was what the time was not ______ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.

A. reasonable

B. ripe

C. ready

D. practical

［考研真题］

考查词汇：oppose

2. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ______ attitude toward customers.

A. impartial

B. mild

C. hostile

D. opposing

［考研真题］

考查词汇：desert

3. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n)______ room in the hotels here.

A. empty

B. vacant

C. free

D. deserted

［专业四级真题］

三级练习：［难度系数★★★］

这次新学的词汇在需要翻译的难句里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在3分钟内，本级测试限时3分钟，请把计时器调到3分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：opposite

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.

［四、六级考试阅读长难句］

______________________________

语法积累

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！

原文：Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.

译文：最近，两个人在一座珊瑚岛上待了5天，他们真希望在那儿多待些日子。

• 虚拟语气：介绍两种常见且结构类似的虚拟语气——wish和as if引导的虚拟语气。

注：上述表达中wish改为过去时态wished, wish后的结构不变。

注：上述表达中S + V改为过去时态，as if后的结构不变。

语法链接

请判断以下两个句子中是否应用了虚拟语气，指出是对现在、过去或将来的虚拟中的哪一种，同时写出结构。

1. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.

对________虚拟：［As if _________________］, S + V

2. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.

对________虚拟：____________________________________

阅读部分

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课主题“探险生活”在较难的六级阅读里出现。试一试下面的文章和题目！

临考情境模拟：请在5分钟内读完文章，4分钟做完题。请把计时器调到9分钟。计时开始！

“Welcome to the U.S.A. ! Major credit cards accepted!”

By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don't have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City's South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”

The U.S. has long been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world's superpower, can also claim to be the world's bargain basement（廉价商品部）. Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices—anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That's up from $74 billion the year before.

True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge（无节制）has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.

The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop: an average of 12.2 nights and $1,624 a traveller versus the Americans' four nights and $298.

1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ______.

A. are reluctant to carry cash with them

B. simply don't care how much they spend

C. are not good at planning their expenditure

D. often spend more money than they can afford

2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ______.

A. it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.

B. it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.

C. tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year

D. tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year

3. By saying “nobody undersells America”(line 4, para. 3）, the author means that ______.

A. no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products

B. nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities

C. nobody restrains the selling of American goods

D. no other country sells at a lower price than America

4. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?

A. Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.

B. Because they represent the world's latest fashions.

C. Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.

D. Because they are available at all tourist destinations.

5. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize ______.

A. the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits

B. the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits

C. tourism can make great contributions to its economy

D. visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad

写作部分

本课介绍了荒岛生活的趣事，这里给大家提供一些这方面的写作素材，方便大家积累下来，在旅游写作命题中使用。

真题举例

Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

［TOEFL真题］

写作素材（参考范文）

If I were to leave my home for a year, there is one thing I definitely would take with me: my cell phone. With my cell phone, I could call my friends or family whenever I was lonely, needed advice, or just wanted to talk.

If I were away from home for a year, I would be very lonely, especially in the beginning before I made friends. If I could call my mother and father, I would hear their familiar voices and I would not feel so lonely. Hearing my friends' voices would also help me overcome my sadness.

I've never been on my own so there are many things I am not familiar with. I've never opened a bank account, got a driver's license, or made my own food. If I had to cook chicken or something, I could call up my mother and she could tell me how to make dinner.

Sometimes, I may just want to talk in my own language. With my cell phone, I could call my friends and tell them about my new life. This would make them jealous of me. I would call them a lot so they could hear all the wonderful things I am doing.

For me a cell phone is a necessity. I would need it anytime I was lonely, anytime I needed to do something I didn't know how to do, and anytime I just wanted to talk. Of course, the phone bill will be sent to my parents.