Lesson 1

听力部分

听力练习

一级练习：小对话［难度系数★］

本课的主题“野生生命”在六级听力考试里多次出现。先听一段简单的六级听力小对话，试一试！

A. He has been applying only for advertised jobs.

B. He's convinced that there's a shortage of jobs.

C. He doesn't have time to read all the job ads.

D. He'll help the woman find an advisor.

二级练习：听写［难度系数★★］

看看下面的答案（先不要看听力原文）。趁热打铁！把这个小对话跟着录音听写一遍。（录音会以较慢的速度读两遍，每句后您有30秒到1分钟的时间听写。再以较快的速度读第三遍，您可以查缺补漏）开始了…

W: ___________________________

M: ___________________________

听力原文如下

W: You know what the Wildlife Club needs? We need an advisor, someone who knows a lot about the environment and wildlife conservation.

M: There's someone new in the Biology Department, Professor Bell. I'll see if she'll be interested.

Q: What will the man probably do?

听说练习

一级练习：口语问答［难度系数★］

本课主题在较长的四级听力段落题里出现过。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！

1. What was the main harmful effect of the pest killer DDT on bald eagles? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

2. What measure did the wildlife biologists take to increase the number of bald eagles? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

3. According to the speaker, what is the possible danger facing bald eagles? 计时1分钟，回答开始…

听力原文如下（阴影部分为答案核心内容）

America's national symbol, the bald eagle, almost went extinct twenty years ago but it has made a comeback. In fact, the US Fish and Wildlife Service is considering the possibility of taking it off the endangered species list. Once, more than 50,000 pairs of bald eagles nested across the country. But by 1960, that number had fallen below 400. The chief killer was the widely used DDT. Fish soaked up DDT, died, and were washed up on shores where bald eagles feasted on them.(1)DDT prevented eagle eggshells from thickening. The shells became so thin that they shattered before the babies hatched.

Fortunately, in 1972, a law was passed to ban DDT, which saved the bald eagle from total wipeout.(2)And since then, wildlife biologists have re-introduced bald eagles from Canada to America. The result was that last year, US birdwatchers counted 11,610 bald eagles in the country.

If it were dropped from the endangered species list, the bald eagle would still be a threatened species. That means the bird would continue to get the same protection: no hunting allowed, and no disturbing of nests. But bald eagles still face tough times.(3)The destruction of their natural homes could be the next DDT causing eagle numbers to drop quickly.

二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］

刚才口语问答的答案是本课主题的关键表达，一定要积累成自己的口语素材。

第一步：看着上面画线的文字跟读一遍。录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。

第二步：请自己说出下面句子空白的部分，同声跟读已写出的部分。

第一遍：

1. DDT prevented _____________ from thickening. The shells became so thin that _____________.

2. And since then, ______________ have re-introduced _____________.

3. The destruction of their natural homes _____________ eagle numbers to drop quickly.

第二遍：

1. ___________ eagle eggshells _____________ they shattered before the babies hatched.

2. ____________, wildlife biologists _______________ bald eagles from Canada to America.

3. _____________ could be the next DDT causing _____________.

第三步：自己试着完整地背诵一遍。（计时3分钟，背诵开始…）

词汇与语法

第1组近义词辨析：“发现”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8 分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* spot

to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognize

* notice

to realize that something is there or that something is happening, when you see it, hear it, or feel it

* stumble

to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来。

第2组近义词辨析：“某人不得不做某事”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* be obliged to

if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc., makes it necessary

* be compelled to

to feel very strongly that you must do something, because it is the right thing to do and people expect you to do it

* be impelled to

to feel that it is your moral duty to do something

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来。

词汇测试

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课新学的词汇出现在高考、四级和六级考试中。挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内完成，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：disturb

1. At times the balance in nature is ______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled

B. confused

C. disturbed

D. puzzled

［高考真题］

2. Whether he could obtain his diploma or not greatly ______ him.

A. disturbed

B. distinguished

C. distressed

D. disputed

［四级真题］

考查词汇：reconcile

3. Since the two countries couldn't ______ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.

A. rectify

B. oblige

C. reconcile

D. obscure

［六级真题］

考查词汇：investigate

4. During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the ______ of lessons.

A. observation

B. investigation

C. inspection

D. examination

［六级真题］

考查词汇：trail

5. Optimism is a ______ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depression and longer life.

A. trail

B. trait

C. trace

D. track

［六级真题］

考查词汇：private

6. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly _______.

A. rigorous

B. confidential

C. private

D. fitting

［六级真题］

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

本课新学的词汇在较难的专业四级考试里出现，挑战一下吧!

临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时2分钟，请把计时器调到2分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：confirm

The new colleague ______ to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.

A. confesses

B. declares

C. claims

D. confirms

［专业四级真题］

三级练习：［难度系数★★★］

本课新学的词汇在需要翻译的难句里出现，挑战一下吧!

临考情境模拟：每题控制在3分钟内，本级测试限时3分钟，请把计时器调到3分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：investigate

In the early 1950s historians who studies preindustrial（前工业时代）Europe began to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who was political and social elite（精英）.

［四、六级考试阅读长难句］

______________________________

语法积累

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！

原文：However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

译文：可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。

• 不定式：不定式的完成时态，用来表示发生在主要动作(V)之前的动作。

• 常见结构：S + V + to have done/to have been done

• 写作中何时使用：当不定式中发生的动作明显发生在V以前时，将动词不定式原形改为不定式的现在完成时态。

语法链接

请将下面句子中的不定式改为更恰当的用法。

A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to see a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.

______________________________

阅读部分

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课的主题“野生生命”在四级模考阅读里出现。试一试下面的文章和题目！

临考情境模拟：请在5分钟内读完文章，4分钟做完题。请把计时器调到9分钟。计时开始！

For all of their roaring, growling, and ferociousness, lions are family animals and truly social in their own communities. They usually live in groups called prides. Prides can be as small as 3 or as big as 40 animals. In a pride, lions hunt prey, raise cubs, and defend their territory together.

In prides the females do most of the hunting and cub rearing. Usually all the lionesses in the pride are related—mothers, daughters, grandmothers, and sisters. Many of the females in the pride give birth at about the same time. A cub may nurse other females as well as its mother.

Each pride generally will have no more than two adult males. While the females usually live with the pride for life, the males often stay for only two to four years. After that they go off on their own or are repelled by other males who take over the pride. When a new male becomes part of the pride it is not unusual for him to kill all the cubs, insuring that all future cubs will have his genes.

The main job of males in the pride is defending the pride's territory. A male's loud roar, usually heard after sunset, can carry for as far as five miles(eight kilometers）. The roar warns off intruders and helps round up stray members of the pride.

Hunting generally is done in the dark by the lionesses. They often hunt in groups of two or three, using teamwork to stalk, surround, and kill their prey. Lionesses aren't the most successful hunters, because they usually score only one kill out of several tries. After the kill the males usually eat first, lionesses next—and the cubs get what's left.

Males and females fiercely defend against any outside lions that attempt to join their pride. Maybe in this case the family that preys together stays together！

S1. What does “pride” mean in the passage?

______________________________

S2. How many lions are there in a pride?

______________________________

S3. Who do the most of the hunting and cub rearing in the pride?

______________________________

S4. What does “cub” mean in the passage?

______________________________

S5. What is the main job of males in the pride?

______________________________

写作部分

本课主题涉及人与野生动物的关系，这里给大家提供这方面的写作素材，方便大家积累下来，在以后遇到的环保类话题中使用。

真题举例

Wild animals are of no importance in the twenty-first century. Some people think that preventing these wild animals from dying out is a waste of resource. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this?

［IELTS真题］

Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

［TOEFL真题］

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

［TOEFL真题］

写作素材

damage of animal

something that must be done

excessive use of natural resource

consequence