Lesson 2
音频
听力部分
听力练习
一级练习：小对话［难度系数★］
本课的主题“负责人该做的维修工作”在六级听力考试里多次出现。先听一段简单的六级听力小对话，试一试！
A. It looks quite new.
B. It needs to be repaired.
C. It looks old, but it runs well.
D. Its engine needs to be painted.
二级练习：听写［难度系数★★］
看看下面的答案（先不要看听力原文）。趁热打铁！把这个小对话跟着录音听写一遍。（录音会以较慢的速度读两遍，每句后您有30秒到1分钟的时间听写。再以较快的速度读第三遍，您可以查缺补漏）开始了…
W: ______________________________
M: ______________________________
答案揭晓
答案：D
听力原文如下
W: How do you like the car I've just bought?
M: Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.
Q: What does the man think of the car?
听说练习
一级练习：口语问答［难度系数★］
本课主题在较长的四级听力真题段落题里出现。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！
1. Why is it usually expensive to attend religious and private schools? 计时1分钟，回答开始…
2. Who usually runs religious schools in the United States? 计时1分钟，回答开始…
3. What is one of the reasons for people to send their children to private schools? 计时1分钟，回答开始…
听力原文如下（阴影部分为答案核心内容）
(1)Religious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the United States. As a result, they are more expensive to attend.(2)The religious schools in America are usually run by churches. Therefore they tend to be less expensive than private schools. When there is free education available to all children in the United States, why do people spend money on private schools? Americans offer a great variety of reasons for doing so. Some parents send their children to private schools because the classes there are usually smaller. In their opinion the public schools in their area are not of high enough quality to meet their needs.(3)Private schools in the United States range widely in size and quality, and they offer all kinds of programs to meet the needs of certain students.
二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］
刚才三个口语练习的答案是本课主题的关键表达，一定要积累成自己的口语素材。
第一步：看着上面画线的文字跟读一遍。录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。
第二步：请自己说出下面句子空白的部分，同声跟读已写出的部分。
第一遍：
1. Religious and private schools ___________ no support from public taxes _______________.
2. The religious ___________ run by churches.
3. Private schools ______________ range widely in size and quality, __________ all kinds of programs ___________.
第二遍：
1. ___________ receive little or ___________ in the United States.
2. ___________ schools in America are usually _____________.
3. ___________ in the United States ___________, and they offer _________________ to meet the needs of certain students.
第三步：自己试着完整地背诵一遍。（计时3分钟，背诵开始…）
词汇与语法
第1组近义词辨析：“修理”
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！
一级练习：［难度系数★］
先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。
* repair
if you repair something that is broken or not working properly, you work on it so that it is in good condition again
* fix
to repair a machine or piece of equipment that is broken or not working properly
* mend
to repair something that is broken or not working, or something that has a hole in it, usually used about clothing in American English
* overhaul
to thoroughly examine a machine, vehicle, or piece of equipment and repair it if necessary
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。
答案揭晓
The badly damaged engine has been overhauled（彻底检修）and runs much more smoothly now.
The children are taught to mend（修补）their own clothes.
I'll need to fix（随便自行修理）the boat before we can go out in it.
The plane was too badly damaged to be repaired［修好（强调比较专业的维修）］.
第2组近义词辨析：“破坏”
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！
一级练习：［难度系数★］
先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。
* damage
to cause physical harm to something or to part of someone's body
* destroy
to damage something so badly that it cannot be repaired
* wreck
to deliberately damage a building or room very badly
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。
答案揭晓
The earthquake destroyed（彻底毁坏）much of the city.
The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to minimize the consequences by saying that the damage（部分损坏）was not as serious as reported.
He came home drunk again, threatening to wreck（摧毁）the apartment.
词汇测试
一级练习：［难度系数★］
本课新学的词汇出现在高考、四级、六级考试中。挑战一下吧！
临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内，本级测试限时4分钟，请把计时器调到4分钟。计时开始！
考查词汇：cut
1. China will cut its armed forces ______ another 300,000 soldiers over the next three years.
A. for
B. in
C. by
D. with
［高考真题］
考查词汇：strike
2. As we know, “______ while the iron is hot” is a famous proverb.
A. knock
B. beat
C. hit
D. strike
［四级真题］
考查词汇：equal
3. John knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his ______.
A. similar
B. reflection
C. equal
D. equivalent
［四级真题］
考查词汇：damage
4. After the collision, he examined the considerable _______ to his car.
A. ruin
B. destruction
C. damage
D. injury
［六级真题］
答案揭晓
1. 答案：C
解析：cut...by...表示缩减的数量。
2. 答案：D
解析：众所周知，“趁热打铁”是句有名的谚语。
A. 敲击
B. 连续打击
C. 打击
D. 敲打
3. 答案：C
解析：约翰对星球的知识如此渊博，我可以断定没有人可以与他匹敌。
A. 类似的，和to连用
B. 倒影；反射
C. 相等的事物；对手
D. 等价物，相等物
4. 答案：C
解析：
A. 毁灭（抽象意义上）
B. 破坏
C. 部分损害
D. 伤害
二级练习：［难度系数★★］
本课新学的词汇在较难的考研考试里出现，挑战一下吧！
临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！
考查词汇：sight
1. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a _______ of him.
A. glance
B. glimpse
C. look
D. sight
［考研真题］
考查词汇：recognize
2. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _______.
A. novel
B. remote
C. distant
D. foreign
［考研真题］
3. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be _______ at the manager's office.
A. declared
B. obtained
C. reclaimed
D. recognized
［考研真题］
答案揭晓
1. 答案：B
解析：
A. 常用于glance at，一瞥，匆匆一看
B. 常用于catch a glimpse of，一眼看见，瞥见
C. 常用于look at和have a look，看一看
D. 常用于catch sight of中，看见，瞥见。
2. 答案：D
解析：当任何非人类器官移植于人体时，人体立刻辨别出这个器官是外来的。本题中recognize与as搭配，as后接形容词作宾补。
A. 新奇的，新颖的
B. 遥远的；疏远的
C. 远隔的，远离的
D. 外来的，陌生的
3. 答案：C
解析：
A. 宣布；申报
B. 取得
C. 恢复或收回某事物，认领
D. 辨认；承认
语法积累
临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！
原文：I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now.
译文：好几个星期了，我天天夜里到这里。
• 时态：完成进行时
• 常见结构：S + V + have / has been doing sth.（现在完成进行时）；S + V + had been doing sth.（过去完成进行时）
• 写作中何时使用：
1. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直延续到现在（现在完成进行时）。
2. 该动作在文中的此时此刻依然在发生（现在完成进行时）。
3. 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间（过去完成进行时）。
语法链接
请依提示词写出正确的句子。
1. Bleriot __________________(make)planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.
2. Two of his assistants _________________(work)busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished.
答案揭晓
1. 答案：Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.
译文：布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机，这是他制作的最新模型。
2. 答案：Two of his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished.
译文：他手下两名店员从早上8点就开始忙碌，这时刚刚布置完毕。
阅读部分
一级练习：［难度系数★］
本课主题“负责人该做的维修工作”在四级模考完形填空里出现。依然是你熟悉的主题和词汇，挑战一下吧！
临考情境模拟：请在5分钟内读完文章，4分钟做完题。请把计时器调到9分钟。计时开始！
People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 1 and have made up their minds to 2 the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run 3 through the narrow High Street. “They not only make it 4 to sleep at night, but they are 5 damage to our houses and shops of historical 6 ,” said John Norris, one of the protesters.
“ 7 we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,” said Jean Lacey, a biology student, “why don't they build a new road that goes round the town? Burlington isn't much more than a 8 village. Its streets were never 9 for heavy traffic.”
Harry Fields also studying 10 said they wanted to make as much 11 as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to 12 . “Most of them don't 13 here anyway,” he said, “they come in for meetings and that, and the Town Hall is soundproof, so they probably don't 14 . It's high time they realized the problem.” The fourth student, Liza Vernum, said she thought the public were 15 on their side, and even if they weren't they soon would be.
I asked if they were 16 that the police might come to 17 them. “Not really,” she said, “actually we are 18 bell ringers. I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church. There is no 19 against practicing.”
I 20 the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.
1. A. college B. village C. town D. church
2. A. change B. repair C. ring D. shake
3. A. now and then B. day and night C. up and down D. over and over
4. A. terrible B. difficult C. uncomfortable D. unpleasant
5. A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing
6. A. scene B. period C. interest D. sense
7. A. If B. Although C. When D. Unless
8. A. pretty B. quite C. large D. modern
9. A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used
10. A. well B. hard C. biology D. education
11. A. effort B. time C. trouble D. noise
12. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share
13. A. shop B. live C. come D. study
14. A. notice B. mention C. fear D. control
15. A. hardly B. unwillingly C. mostly D. usually
16. A. surprised B. afraid C. pleased D. determined
17. A. seize B. fight C. search D. stop
18. A. proper B. experienced C. hopeful D. serious
19. A. point B. cause C. need D. law
20. A. left B. found C. reached D. pass
答案揭晓
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. A
写作部分
本课的主题涉及教堂维护问题，下面的写作素材教大家用两句话描述世界著名的大教堂，可以在宗教、建筑、旅游及艺术主题写作中使用。
真题举例
Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
［TOEFL真题］
写作素材
建筑名称及位置：St. Mark's Cathedral, in Venice（威尼斯）（意大利圣马可大教堂）
建筑风格：It is one of the great examples of Byzantine（拜占庭）architecture, which was begun in the ninth century.
建筑历史：It was partly destroyed by fire in 976 and was rebuilt in 1071 as a Byzantine structure.
建筑名称及位置：Westminster Abbey, in London（英国威斯敏斯特大教堂）
建筑风格：The abbey is one of England's most important Gothic（哥特式）structures.
建筑历史：It was begun in 1050 and completed in 1065. It was rebuilt and enlarged in 1245-1250.
建筑名称及位置：The Duomo(cathedral), in Florence, Italy （佛罗伦萨大教堂）
建筑风格：The oval-shaped dome（圆顶）dominates the entire structure.
建筑历史：It was founded in 1298, completed by Brunelleschi and consecrated, or declared sacred, in 1436.
建筑名称及位置：The Cathedral of St. John the Divine, in New York City, U.S.（美国圣约翰大教堂）
建筑风格：When completed, it will be the largest cathedral in the world. The east end is designed in Romanesque（罗马式）Byzantine（拜占庭式）style, and the nave（中央广场）and west end are Gothic（哥特式）.
建筑历史：It was begun in 1892 and is now in the final stages of completion.